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Diagnosing Allergies

Allergies are often hard to diagnose. We take a look at symptoms of allergies and how to detect them 

True allergy 

True allergy is the easiest to diagnose, as the reactions tend to be more rapid making it easier to decide what is the culprit. Also, evidence of the reaction is more likely to be found by using conventional tests, for example, blood tests, skin prick tests and patch tests. Your doctor can refer you to a specialist if he or she feels that these would be appropriate.

If symptoms take longer to appear, the problem may be harder to diagnose as the tests above may not show up the problem.

Concerns 

In general, if you are concerned that your child may have an allergy or intolerance, do speak to your doctor. You may find it helpful to gather some evidence before the appointment. Keep a diary, noting down any symptoms your child has, along with what they were doing at the time, what time/day the symptoms appear, foods eaten and so forth. Also note down anything that seems to help ease the symptoms as well as details of anyone else in the family who may have had similar problems. This may give you and the doctors some clues about the source of the problem.

What tests are there? 

There are blood, skin, hair and other forms of tests available from alternative practitioners, in health food shops and by mail order. There is little scientific evidence that any of these tests can reliably diagnose allergy or intolerance.

Some examples of symptoms

Quick Onset Slower Onset 
Asthma/breathing difficulty Eczema
Swelling of lips, tongue, mouth, throat Failure to thrive (in children)
Vomiting Colic/stomach pains
Rash Diarrhoea
Sneezing/runny nose Constipation
Anaphylaxis Reflux (vomiting and/or pain)
Itchy eyes/ears/mouth Migraine

Urticaria (nettle rash/hives)

 
 

More about allergies

For more about symptoms of allergies, continue to the Symptoms of allergies article
 

Related articles

Healthy Child | Healthy eating

Healthy Child | Child Safety

 
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Examples of allergies/intolerances

Hayfever (or seasonal rhinitis) - This can be particularly troublesome during the summer months (May to July) when grass pollen levels are at their highest. However, hayfever can also be caused by tree pollens (February to April) and weed pollens (August and September). Also some people have perennial rhinitis which gives symptoms all year round.

Latex allergy - This has been known about for some years, but the numbers of sufferers seem to be rising rapidly. Not all reactions to latex gloves are allergy - many people may have localised problems on their hands which may be due to, for instance, wearing them for a long time in a hot environment. However, true latex allergy can cause urticaria (hives), asthma and even anaphylaxis. Hospital workers, anyone who has had frequent operations and children with spina bifida, are at greatest risk.

Food intolerance - Food intolerance is more common in babies and small children than adults. Up to one in 10 of all babies may be intolerant to a food, and in babies with other allergic conditions such as atopic eczema, up to a third may be affected. However, most children will outgrow their intolerances.

Taking a food out of a child's diet has potentially serious consequences in terms of their growth and development. Therefore, it is important if your child does react to a food - or you are worried that a food may be causing symptoms - that your doctor refers them to see a registered dietitian. They will be able to help you establish which foods (if any) are involved, avoid foods totally if necessary and check that your child is consuming a nutritionally adequate diet.

 

Tips for hayfever sufferers

  • Check pollen counts and try to stay inside when they are high - particularly early mid-morning and early evening
  • Keep car and bedroom windows shut
  • Try and spend time at the seaside - winds tend to blow pollen inland
  • Having a bath or shower (including your hair) can help to wash off pollen
  • Put a smear of Vaseline inside each nostril to ease the soreness and to capture pollen entering the nasal passages
  • Wear wrap-around sunglasses to reduce pollen exposure
  • Take off clothes before entering the bedroom to avoid bringing in pollen
 

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